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Critical Thinking Reading and Writing 9th Edition

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Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing by Sylvan Barnet; Hugo Bedau; John O'Hara - Tenth Edition, 2020 from Macmillan Student Store

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Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing

A Brief Guide to ArgumentTenth Edition ©2020

Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing is a brief yet versatile resource for didactics statement, persuasive writing, and research. It makes argument concepts clear and gives students strategies to motility from critical thinking and assay to crafting effective arguments. Comprehensive covera...

Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing is a cursory yet versatile resources for teaching argument, persuasive writing, and research. It makes argument concepts clear and gives students strategies to move from critical thinking and analysis to crafting effective arguments. Comprehensive coverage of archetype and contemporary approaches to argument — Aristotelian, Toulmin, Rogerian, visual statement, and more — provides a foundation for nearly 50 readings on current issues, such equally student loan forgiveness and gun violence, topics that students will want to engage with and debate. For today's ever-increasingly visual learners who are challenged to split what'southward real from what's not, new activities and visual flowcharts support information literacy, and newly annotated readings highlight important rhetorical moves. This affordable guide can stand solitary or supplement a larger album of readings.

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Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing by Sylvan Barnet; Hugo Bedau; John O'Hara - Tenth Edition, 2020 from Macmillan Student Store

Affordable strategies for critical thinking and academic statement.

Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing is a brief yet versatile resource for didactics argument, persuasive writing, and enquiry. It makes statement concepts clear and gives students strategies to motion from critical thinking and analysis to crafting effective arguments. Comprehensive coverage of classic and contemporary approaches to statement — Aristotelian, Toulmin, Rogerian, visual statement, and more — provides a foundation for almost 50 readings on current bug, such as student loan forgiveness and gun violence, topics that students will want to appoint with and contend. For today's e'er-increasingly visual learners who are challenged to carve up what'southward existent from what'due south not, new activities and visual flowcharts support information literacy, and newly annotated readings highlight important rhetorical moves. This affordable guide tin can stand alone or supplement a larger anthology of readings.

An affordable, all the same comprehensive and flexible, book for teaching disquisitional thinking and statement. Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing shows students how to recognize and evaluate assumptions and use disquisitional thinking and reading skills to writing argumentative essays — and does so in a concise, affordable format.

An impressive range of perspectives on statement. Early chapters give students a vocabulary for argument — thesis, merits, validity, entreatment, evidence, and more — in both text and visual genres. A unique section introduces students to the following approaches to argument: philosophical (the Toulmin model); logical (deduction, induction, fallacies); psychological (Rogerian); literary; and oral statement and argue.

Readings on electric current issues that provide material for an entire class. Nigh 50 readings throughout the volume (including eight pupil essays) showcase argument and inspire pupil analysis and response. Topics include gun control, free oral communication, gender equality in the military, esports, student loan debt, and more.

Activities that engage disquisitional thinking and allow students to experiment with argument techniques. "Thinking Critically" activities throughout the text give students practice in analyzing and constructing arguments, focusing on skills such as generating topics, defining terms and concepts, narrowing a thesis, and using transitions in argument.

Visual, educatee-friendly design. Colorful features make the volume visually appealing and easy to navigate. Seventy visuals such equally ads, cartoons, photographs, and Web pages provide both occasions for critical inquiry and a lively, upwardly-to-engagement expect.

New to This Edition

At present two casebooks — ane on a current effect and one on an enduring topic of inquiry — foreground issues that matter to students and make for an engaging classroom.  Inspired by feedback from instructors teaching statement, this edition now features a casebook on an effect relevant to students' lives now — "A College Educational activity: What Is its Purpose?" — as well equally a drove of perspectives from philosophy, literature, and politics on "What Is the Ideal Society?"

Fresh and timely new readings. More than a 3rd of the featured arguments throughout the text are new and cover even more topics of electric current interest:

  • Nausicaa Renner exposes the logical fallacy of calling a position "common sense" in "How Do You Explain the 'Obvious'?"
  • Suzanne Nossel argues in "The Pro-Free Speech Manner to Fight Fake News" that the best mode to counter exceedingly partisan media and fraudulent stories is to give consumers the tools to call back critically.
  • Kwame Anthony Appiah cautions against granting too much dominance to collective identities in "Go Ahead, Speak for Yourself."

A sharper focus on fostering information literacy. Early chapters on critical reading and writing are updated to include topics such every bit confirmation bias, and Chapter 7, "Using Sources" is modernized to help students interrogate their sources for reliability, relevance, and accurateness. New sections such equally "Why Finding Reliable Internet Sources Is Then Challenging"  understand that digital natives seek and find data online and provides educational activity and visual examples of sponsored content, fake news sites, and scholarly databases so students can evaluate and employ research effectively.

New Visual Guides that jumpstart critical thinking.  Graphics and flow charts supervene upon dumbo text to aid students in designing their own paths through mutual argument tasks such every bit writing a disquisitional summary and organizing an assay.

Annotated essays that brand argument moves visible. In add-on to the educatee essays that are marked to testify the writers' strategies, this edition features several selections by professional writers that provide support for understanding statement during the reading process and highlight writers' rhetorical moves and persuasive strategies.

Even more topics on critical thinking and reading. New sections include a "Survey, Analyze, and Evaluate" procedure for working through an issue, an agreement of "Obstacles to Disquisitional Thinking," and strategies for "Approaching an Issue (or an Consignment)."

Writing prompts that support major course assignments. Each affiliate on critical thinking, reading, and writing now features  a capstone writing prompt that allows students to exercise argument in common assignment genres.

"Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing reveals the mechanics of idea behind the very active processes of reading and writing. This guide is an excellent foundation for argument—from inception to terminal presentation."
— Meghan Tutolo, Academy of Pittsburgh at Greensburg

   "I have been using Disquisitional Thinking, Reading, and Writing ever since I began instruction at my current higher for the past ten years. Later reviewing many possible contenders, this textbook has the most intriguing and engaging manufactures and a great review of essential skills of thinking, reading, and writing critically."
— Jeffrey Nishimura, Los Angeles City College

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Table of Contents

Preface

Part I: Critical THINKING AND READING

one           Disquisitional Thinking
Thinking through an Result
Analyzing and Evaluating from Multiple Perspectives
             Survey, Analyze, and Evaluate the Issue
Visual Guide: Evaluating a Proposal
             Obstacles to Critical Thinking
             Anticipating Counterarguments
Critical Thinking at Work: From a Cluster to a Short Essay
ALEXA CABRERA, Stirred and Strained: Pastafarians Should Be Immune to Practise in Prison (annotated student essay)
Generating Ideas: Writing as a Way of Thinking
             Confronting Unfamiliar Issues
             Using Clustering to Discover Ideas
             Approaching an Consequence (or an Consignment)
             Prompting Yourself: Classical Topics and Invention
An Essay for Generating Ideas
NINA FEDOROFF, The Genetically Engineered Salmon Is a Boon for Consumers and Sustainability
Thinking Critically: Generating Ideas with Topics
             Thinking Critically well-nigh the Issue
A Checklist for Critical Thinking
A Brusque Essay Calling for Disquisitional Thinking
LYNN STUART PARRAMORE, Fitbits for Bosses (annotated)
Examining Assumptions
A Checklist for Examining Assumptions
*HELEN BENEDICT, The Armed forces Has a Man Problem
Assignments for Critical Thinking

2           Critical Reading: Getting Started
Active Reading
             Previewing
             A Short Essay for Previewing Practice
Thinking Critically: Previewing
SANJAY GUPTA, Why I Changed My Mind on Weed
             Reading with a Careful Center: Underlining, Highlighting, Annotating
             Reading: Fast and Slow
             Defining Terms and Concepts
Summarizing and Paraphrasing
A Checklist for a Paraphrase
Patchwriting and Plagiarism
Strategies for Summarizing
             Disquisitional Summary
Visual Guide: Writing a Critical Summary
             A Brusque Essay for Summarizing Exercise
SUSAN JACOBY, A Start Amendment Junkie  (annotated)
A Checklist for a Summary
Essays for Analysis
GWEN WILDE, Why the Pledge of Allegiance Should Be Revised (annotated educatee essay)
ZACHARY SHEMTOB and DAVID LAT, Executions Should Be Televised
A Casebook for Critical Reading: Should Some Kinds of Spoken communication Be Censored?
*SUZANNE NOSSEL, The Pro-Free Speech Way to Fight Imitation News
CHARLES R. LAWRENCE Three, On Racist Speech
Assignments for Critical Reading

iii           Critical Reading: Getting Deeper into Arguments
Persuasion, Argument, and Rhetorical Appeals
Visual Guide: Evaluating Persuasive Appeals
Thinking Critically: Identifying Ethos
Reason, Rationalization, and Confirmation Bias
Types of Reasoning
             Induction
             Deduction
             Bounds and Syllogisms
Some Procedures in Argument
             Definitions
             Assumptions
             Prove: Experimentation, Examples, Authoritative Testimony, and Numerical Data
Thinking Critically: Administrative Testimony
A Checklist for Evaluating Statistical Prove
Nonrational Appeals
             Satire, Irony, Sarcasm
             Emotional Appeals
Thinking Critically: Nonrational Appeals
Does All Writing Contain Arguments?
A Checklist for Analyzing an Argument
An Case: An Statement and a Wait at the Writer's Strategies
*JOHN TIERNEY, The Reign of Recycling (annotated)
Arguments for Analysis
*KWAME ANTHONY APPIAH, Go Ahead, Speak for Yourself
*NAUSICAA RENNER, How Exercise Y'all Explain The "Obvious?"
ANNA LISA RAYA, Information technology'southward Hard Plenty Being Me (student essay)
RONALD TAKAKI, The Harmful Myth of Asian Superiority
JAMES Q. WILSON, Just Accept Abroad Their Guns
*BERNIE SANDERS, We Must Make Public Colleges and Universities Tuition Free
Assignments for Disquisitional Reading

four           Visual Rhetoric: Thinking virtually Images equally Arguments
Uses of Visual Images
             Types of Emotional Appeals
Seeing versus Looking: Reading Advertisements
A Checklist for Analyzing Images
Levels of Images
Visual Guide: Analyzing Images
Documenting Reality: Reading Photographs
             A Word on "Alternative Facts"
Accommodating, Resisting, and Negotiating the Pregnant of Images
Are Some Images Not Fit to Be Shown?: Politics and Pictures
An Statement on Publishing Images
Writing about Political Cartoons
Thinking Critically: Analysis of a Political Cartoon
A Checklist for Analyzing Political Cartoons
An Example: A Pupil's Essay Analyzing Images
*RYAN KWON, The American Pipe Dream? (annotated pupil essay)
Visuals as Aids to Clarity: Maps, Graphs, and Pie Charts
             A Give-and-take on Misleading or Manipulative Visual Data
A Checklist for Charts and Graphs
Using Visuals in Your Own Paper
Additional Images for Analysis
DOROTHEA LANGE, Migrant Female parent
UNITED STATES Regime, Globe War II Recruitment Affiche
NORA EPHRON, The Boston Photographs
Assignments in Visual Rhetoric

Role 2 CRITICAL WRITING

5           Writing an Analysis of an Statement
Analyzing an Argument
Examining The Author's Thesis
Examining The Author's Purpose
Examining The Author's Methods
Examining The Author'due south Persona
Examining The Author's Audience
A Checklist for Analyzing an Writer'southward Intended Audience
             Organizing Your Analysis
Visual Guide: Organizing Your Assay
             Summary versus Analysis
A Checklist for Analyzing a Text
An Argument, Its Elements, And a Educatee's Assay of the Argument
NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF, For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Burglarize
Thinking Critically: Examining Linguistic communication to Analyze an Author'due south Argument
             The Essay Analyzed
*THERESA CARCALDI, For Sound Argument, Driblet The Jokes: How Kristof Falls Short in Convincing His Audience (annotated pupil essay)
An Analysis of the Educatee'south Analysis
A Checklist for Writing an Analysis of an Statement
Arguments for Analysis
JEFF JACOBY, Bring Back Flogging
*MATTHEW WALTHER, Sorry, Nerds: Video Games Are Not a Sport
JUSTIN CRONIN, Confessions of a Liberal Gun Owner
*CARL SAFINA, Never Mind Theory
Assignment for Writing an Analysis of an Argument

6       Developing an Argument of Your Ain
Planning an Argument
             Getting Ideas: Statement as an Instrument of Enquiry
             Three Brainstorming Strategies: Freewriting, Listing, and Diagramming
             Revision as Invention
             Asking Questions with Stasis Theory
             Because Testify
             The Thesis or Main Point
A Checklist for a Thesis Argument
Thinking Critically: Walking the Tightrope
             Imagining an Audience
             The Audience as Collaborator
             Addressing Opposition and Establishing Common Basis
A Checklist for Imagining an Audience
Drafting and Revising Statement
             The Championship
             The Opening Paragraphs
             Organizing the Body of the Essay
Visual Guide: Organizing Your Argument
             The Ending
Thinking Critically: Using Transitions in Argument
             Uses of an Outline
A Checklist for Organizing an Argument
             Tone and the Writer's Persona
             We, I, or I?
Thinking Critically: Eliminating Nosotros, One, and I
A Checklist for Establishing Tone and Persona
             Avoiding Sexist Language
Peer Review
A Checklist for Peer Review
A Student'southward Essay, from Rough Notes to Terminal Version
EMILY ANDREWS, Why I Don't Spare Change (annotated educatee essay)
Assignment for an Argument of Your Ain

7           Using Sources
Why Utilise Sources?
             Entering a Soapbox
             Understanding Data Literacy
Choosing a Topic
Finding Sources
Visual Guide: Finding Discourse on Your Topic
             Finding Quality Information Online
             Finding Articles Using Library Databases
Thinking Critically: Using Search Terms
             Locating Books
Evaluating Sources
             Scholarly, Popular, and Trade Sources
             Evaluating Online Sources
             Why Finding Reliable Internet Sources Is So Challenging
             A Word on "False News"
A Checklist for Identifying Fake News
             Native Advertisement and Branded Content
             Considering How Current Sources Are
A Checklist for Evaluating Sources
Performing Your Ain Primary Research
             Interviewing Peers and Local Authorities
Visual Guide: Conducting Interviews
             Conducting Observations
             Conducting Surveys
             Research in Archives and Special Collections
Synthesizing Sources
Taking Notes
             A Note on Plagiarizing
A Checklist for Avoiding Plagiarism
Compiling an Annotated Bibliography
Quoting from Sources
Visual Guide: Integrating Quotations
Thinking Critically: Using Bespeak Phrases
Documentation
             A Note on Footnotes (and Endnotes)
MLA Format: Citations inside the Text
MLA Format: The List of Works Cited
APA Format: Citations inside the Text
APA Format: The List of References
A Checklist for Critical Papers Using Sources
An Annotated Student Research Newspaper in MLA Format
LESLEY TIMMERMAN, An Statement for Corporate Responsibility (annotated pupil essay)
An Annotated Student Research Newspaper in APA Format
*HANNAH SMITH BROOKS, Does Ability Determine Expertise? (annotated student essay)

Role Iii FURTHER VIEWS ON ARGUMENT

viii         A Philosopher'south View: The Toulmin Model
Visual Guide: The Toulmin Method
Components of the Toulmin Model
The Claim
Grounds
Warrants
Backing
Modal Qualifiers
Rebuttals
Thinking Critically: Constructing a Toulmin Argument
Putting the Toulmin Method to Work: Responding to an Statement
JAMES Due east. McWILLIAMS, The Locavore Myth: Why Ownership from Nearby Farmers Won't Salvage the Planet
Thinking with Toulmin'south Method
 A Checklist Using the Toulmin Method

9         A Logician's View: Deduction, Induction, Fallacies
Using Formal Logic for Critical Thinking
Visual Guide: Deduction and Induction
Deduction
Examples of Deduction
Consecration
             Observation and Inference
             Probability
             Manufacturing plant's Methods
Fallacies
             Fallacies of Ambiguity
             Fallacies of Presumption
             Fallacies of Irrelevance
             Additional Fallacies
A Checklist for Evaluating an Argument from a Logical Bespeak of View
Thinking Critically: Identifying Fallacies
MAX SHULMAN, Love Is a Fallacy

10        A Psychologist's View: Rogerian Argument
Rogerian Argument: An Introduction
Visual Guide: Rogerian Argument
A Checklist for Analyzing Rogerian Statement
CARL R. ROGERS, Communication: Its Blocking and Its Facilitation
EDWARD O. WILSON, Letter to a Southern Baptist Minister

11        A Literary Critic's View: Arguing nearly Literature
Interpreting
Judging (or Evaluating)
Theorizing
A Checklist for Arguing about Literature
Examples: Two Students Interpret Robert Frost'southward "Mending Wall"
ROBERT FROST, Mending Wall
JONATHAN DEUTSCH, The Deluded Speaker in Frost'south "Mending Wall" (pupil essay)
FELICIA ALONSO, The Debate in Robert Frost's "Mending Wall" (student essay)
Reading a Poem and a Story
*RICHARD BLANCO, One Today
KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an 60 minutes
Thinking about the Effects of Literature
PLATO, "The Greater Part of the Stories Electric current Today We Shall Take to Pass up"

12      A Debater's View: Individual Oral Presentations and Debate
Oral Presentations
             Methods of Delivery
             Audience
A Checklist for an Oral Presentation
             Delivery
             Content
Formal Debates
             Standard Contend Format
A Checklist for Preparing for a Debate

 Office Iv  CASEBOOKS

13       A College Pedagogy: What Is Its Purpose?
*ANDREW DELBANCO, 3 Reasons College Notwithstanding Matters
*CARLO ROTELLA, No, Information technology Doesn't Matter What You Majored In
*EDWARD CONARD, We Don't Demand More Humanities Majors
*CHRISTIAN MADSBJERG AND MIKKEL B. RASMUSSEN, We Demand More Humanities Majors
*CAROLINE HARPER, HBCUs, Black Women, and STEM Success

xiv       What Is the Ideal Gild?
*THOMAS More, From Utopia
*NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI, From The Prince
*THOMAS JEFFERSON, The Declaration of Independence
*ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, Proclamation of Sentiments and Resolutions
*MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., I Have a Dream
*Due west. H. AUDEN, The Unknown Citizen
*EMMA LAZARUS, The New Colossus
*WALT WHITMAN, One Song, America, Before I Go
*URSULA K. LE GUIN, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas

Index of Authors, Titles, and Terms

Sylvan Barnet

Sylvan Barnet was a professor of English and former manager of writing at Tufts University. His several texts on writing and his numerous anthologies for introductory composition and literature courses have remained leaders in their field through many editions. His titles, with Hugo Bedau, include Current Problems and Enduring Questions; Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing; and From Critical Thinking to Argument.

Hugo Bedau

Hugo Bedau was a professor of philosophy at Tufts Academy and served as chair of the philosophy section and chair of the academy'south commission on College Writing. An internationally respected expert on the capital punishment, and on moral, legal, and political philosophy, he wrote or edited a number of books on these topics. He co-authored, with Sylvan Barnet, of Current Issues and Enduring Questions; Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing; and From Critical Thinking to Argument.

John O'Hara

John Fitzgerald O'Hara is an associate professor of Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing at Stockton Academy, where he is the coordinator of the starting time-year critical thinking program, and former Manager of the Master of Arts in American Studies Plan. He regularly teaches writing, critical thinking, and courses in American literature and history and is a nationally-recognized adept on the 1960s. He is the co-author of Current Issues and Enduring Questions; Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing; and From Critical Thinking to Argument.

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